EMHSS699WK3: | Law

Research Requirement:

PurposeoftheResearch.pdf Purpose of the Research Once the problem statement is solidified, you must create research that answers the problem statement. This is the purpose of the research. In this section, you should support that the research is tied to academic resources. Failure to prove others have conducted research that has a similar purpose can void the validity of research. This tie to similar research proves that you are on the correct tract in the purpose of your research. TheHypothesisandResearchQuestions.pdf The Hypothesis and Research Questions Once the study has been introduced and the problem to be studied has been defined, then it's time to very specific about what the results will be. If the analysis is quantitative--a study of an array of numbers that develops statistics-- then a hypothesis is defined. A hypothesis is a definitive statement that can be proven true or false through research. For example: HYPOTHESIS: People are safer now than before 9/11. ... is not a good hypothesis. How can the term 'safer' be defined? What are the criteria? In contrast: HYPOTHESIS: The earth is warmer now than in 1900. ... is a good hypothesis. Temperature data exists from both 1900 and now, and a statistical analysis can be set up to evaluate whether or not he hypothesis is true or false. ----------------- If the study is qualitative--a study of words that will produce evidence--then research questions are developed. Research questions are worded in such a way that the research can answer them, and so the answers will be unambiguous as possible. For example: RESEARCH QUESTION: Was Hurricane Katrina inevitable? ... is not a good research question, because it can't answered definitively by any research. Conversely, RESEARCH QUESTION: How were the lives of people around Fort Hood changed after the shootings? ... is a good research question, because it can be answered through a review of documents, surveys, interviews, etc. ------------ Once you have your hypotheses and / or research questions developed, then you're pretty much ready to begin your research. TheIntroduction.pdf The Introduction An effective introduction has many features. First, it is compelling--there are lots of things that your readers could be doing right now other than reading your report. Why should they be reading your report? What about the project that you're accomplishing makes it worthwhile for a reader to invest in learning about what you have done? Emergency Management and Homeland Security are serious topics, so it follows that your research will address serious issues. Second, what is the background and context for your study? What features of the world or world events have come together to create the problem that you will be studying? How far-reaching are the potential impacts that make the study important? What is the applicability--that is, if you study an earthquake in California, will the results of your study extrapolate to earthquakes elsewhere? Third it contains the appropriate references to support the information. Remember, as a part of graduate level writing, you must support all statements and accounts through appropriate references, preferably from academic, peer-reviewed sources. You may also use news sites and other non-academic sources, but in today's age of false news, you should ensure the quality of the reference. This is another reason to have multiple references to show multiple perspectives of any statement. Within the Introduction as subheadings are the background, problem statement, and the purpose of the research. An introduction can be enhanced by a story. If you're evaluating an earthquake, tell the story of your earthquake. If you're evaluating a terrorist attack, tell the story of the attack. Humans are wired to learn from stories much more readily than from facts and figures, so use that to your advantage. TheProblemStatement.pdf The Problem Statement After the study has been introduced, the next thing to do is figure out what the problem is. An earthquake in and of itself is not a disaster. Drugs coming across the border from Mexico is not in and of itself a security issue. The problem typically occurs at the next level of consequence. The earthquake becomes problem when it harms people and infrastructure. The drug smuggling becomes a problem when enforcement officers are attacked or user's lives are damaged. Both emergency management and homeland security are human issues--so when you are defining your problem, be sure to dig deep enough to define the human problem. There will be one. At least one. For every disaster or security issue, you will have a choice as to what problem you want to address. This is part of the project refinement and definition process. You will want to scope your project broad enough so that you can find or develop adequate data to do an analysis, yet narrow enough that the quantity of data doesn't overwhelm the study and make the results meaningless. You only have16 weeks and 50+ pages of writing to work with--so don't try and solve the entire problem of Hurricane Katrina. That just won't turn out well. Once you have a good idea of what problem you want to examine, it is time to find out if this is an actual or perceived problem. You will accomplish this through supporting literature. You will read other research studies through academic, peer-reviewed journals to find out if this is a supported problem. This takes us from what we individually perceive as a problem to what is shown through the literature to be a problem. You should explore business sectors beyond Emergency Management and Homeland Security. For example, if collaboration among agencies was a problem, such as occurred at Hurricane Katrina, look at the healthcare sector; look at the private business sector. What are the collaboration problems that have occurred in these sectors. Once you have figured out what problem you want to study and what the scope of your project will be, then go ahead and write out the problem statement. The statement should provide both a human impact that will be evaluated and a scope of study. ProspectuscorrectedandeditedCURRENT1.docx 1 5 The Use of Drones in Emergency and Disaster Management Prospectus Author The Use of Drones in Emergency and Disaster Management Problem Statement Integration of drones into disaster and emergency management is a big step forward in technology that could change how people respond to crises in a big way (Restas, 2015). The problem that is encountered during disaster and emergency management is restricted access to the affected areas due to the nature of geographical location, presence of hazardous conditions, difficulty in obtaining real-time situational awareness, and delays in deploying resources effectively. The problem makes it challenging for the emergency team to get the real-time information about the incident area and also delays in implementing the necessary strategy to address the problem. Drones are the recent innovations in addressing the challenge but they have not achieved their potential in offering solution to the problem due to their mechanical failure, lack of enough expertise to operate it effectively and also poor management of its use on matters of privacy rights. The information collected by the drone are not well controlled or protected and raises concerns about privacy of those in a given locality when data is collected. There is the need for detailed research and study to understand well about how it operates and the best way to optimize its use in disaster management (Daud et al., 2022). Drones are very useful for improving situational awareness and making quick decisions in emergency situations because they are flexible and quick. Drones are being used more and more in disaster management, but research is needed to understand the best maintenance practices of its network and functionality for it to operate optimally and give the required data (Daud et al., 2022). There is also the need to prevent cybersecurity risks by researching on the best safety regulations and privacy concerns for the drone to serve its purpose. Proposed Methodology The methodology employed in this research project focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, in crisis situations, particularly in emergency and disaster response scenarios (Daud et al., 2022). Data is collected for this study by utilizing case studies and existing literature. The targeted case studies and existing literature are evaluated for their quality, reliability, validity and relevancy. The focus of having relevant and credible data is important in the success of the research project. The research strictly adheres to ethical considerations by prioritizing the privacy and confidentiality of any data collected by drones and complying with relevant laws and regulations governing their operation. The data collection process involves gathering information from diverse sources, including published studies, reports, and documented case studies detailing the use of drones in emergency management and disaster response (Daud et al., 2022). This approach enables researchers to access a wide range of perspectives and experiences regarding the deployment of drones in crisis situations. Additionally, data analysis techniques such as content analysis and thematic analysis are employed to extract meaningful insights and identify patterns from the collected data. The research aims to evaluate both the advantages and challenges associated with integrating drones into emergency response efforts by analyzing previously published material and case studies. Overall, the methodology emphasizes a systematic and rigorous approach to studying the role of drones in crisis management, ensuring that ethical considerations are upheld throughout the research process. Expected Value of the Research The expected value of this study lies in its ability to greatly improve emergency and disaster management by giving researchers a complete picture of how to use drones (Restas, 2015). This study wants to fill in important gaps in current knowledge and practice by taking a close look at the part that drones play in improving reaction times. Researchers want to give lawmakers, first responders, and other interested parties more complete picture by carefully looking at both the usefulness and difficulties of using drones in different types of disasters (Velev et al., 2019). This study aims to help people make better strategy decisions by showing the pros and cons of adding drones to current disaster response systems. This will allow for the creation of more effective and resilient disaster response plans. A very important part of this study is also looking at the legal and moral issues that come up when using drones. The study's goal is to give useful advice for creating responsible drone rules and laws by looking into these complicated problems. Using drones in emergency and disaster management must follow set ethical standards and legal frameworks (Wankmüller et al., 2021). This study aims to make drone deployment safer and more accountable by checking that these standards are followed. In the end, this study hopes to help improve overall response effectiveness and resilience in the face of disasters by deepening knowledge and making it easier for people to make smart decisions. This will ultimately benefit communities and individuals who are affected by disasters. The knowledge gained can also of value to the current and future generations. References Abdulai, R. T., & Owusu-Ansah, A. (2014). Essential ingredients of a good research proposal for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the social sciences. SAGE Open, July-September 2014, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014548178 Daud, S. M. S. M., Yusof, M. Y. P. M., Heo, C. C., Khoo, L. S., Singh, M. K. C., Mahmood, M. S., & Nawawi, H. (2022). Applications of drone in disaster management: A scoping review. Science & Justice, 62(1), 30-42. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355030621001477 Restas, A. (2015). Drone applications for supporting disaster management. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(3C), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2015.33C047 Velev, D., Zlateva, P. V., Steshina, L., & Petukhov, I. (2019). Challenges of using drones and virtual/augmented reality for disaster risk management. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-3/W8, 437-440. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-437-2019 Wankmüller, C., Kunovjanek, M., & Mayrgündter, S. (2021). Drones in emergency response – evidence from cross-border, multi-disciplinary usability tests. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 65, Article 102567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102567