Theory of Sexuality: Resources attached. | Psychology

Research Requirement:

Resources attached. BenchmarkTheoreticalModelsandApproachesPaperAssignmentInstructions.docx COUC 691 Benchmark Theoretical Models and Approaches Assignment Instructions OVERVIEW One of the challenges we face as counselors is an understanding of the cause of the disorders we will treat in our clients. Given the complexity and unique characteristics of each client, we know that it is impossible to have a single theory or approach that explains all human behavior. Likewise, as you read through the various etiological models or explanations of addiction, the tendency is to ask “Which one is the correct model?” The answer is not so simple. All of these models are helpful and provide important information for counselors beginning their studies in addiction counseling, but no single model adequately explains why some individuals become addicted to a substance and others do not . So which is the correct one? The answer is “all of the above” as addiction is too complex to try to use one approach to explain addiction when working with a client. Therefore, it is important to recognize that addiction is not caused by a single factor, which then requires us to integrate aspects of the various models to understand and develop treatment options for clients. For example, while there may be similarities in all addicted individuals, the etiology and motivation for the use of drugs varies from person to person. For some individuals, there may be a genetic predisposition or a physiological reason for use and later addiction to a drug. For others, addiction may be a result of a disruption in their personal development, without a known genetic predisposition or physiological dysfunction. Thus, we have to consider each model, and evaluate how it does or does not explain an aspect of the client’s addiction. INSTRUCTIONS To help you in the process, you will review the 8 distinct categories of models to explain addiction found in the textbook (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2020, pp. 7–17): 8 Categories of Models to Explain Addiction The Moral Models The Public Health Models Psychological Models The Developmental Models Family Models Biological Models The Disease Models Sociocultural Models For this assignment, you will write a 4–5-page paper (excluding title page and reference page) where you will begin to take a multi-causal approach. Select four (4) specific models from the above 8 categories(do not select an entire category). Each model summary must include at least 3 paragraphs. First, you must provide an overview of the model (include academic support), next provide biblical truths and Christian principles that relate to this model, and finally give specific reasons with academic support why this model provides a good explanation of addiction. The textbook and at least one scholarly source must be used for each of the 4 model selections. There should be a total of at least 4 scholarly sources in addition to the course textbook. Review the assignment for grammatical errors. Citations and format should be in the current APA style. An abstract is not needed. A title page and reference page are needed. Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. ModelsOfAddiction.docx 2 Theoretical Models Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Course Professor’s Name Date Model 1: Psychological Models Psychological models of addiction give us the opportunity to see the issue with different perspective by focusing on the complicated psychological processes involving cognition, emotion, and behavior. They opine that addiction is a learned behavior that come as a result of various psychological processes such as; conditioning, reinforcement, and cognitive processes (Zhou & Brown, 2015). For instance, the behavioral model theorizes that the addiction is stimulated by drug use cues, whereas the cognitive model regards addiction as something learned plus thinking and beliefs deviations concerning substance use (Macraild & Taylor, 2017). These mental patterns could be understood through the common psychological dynamics that lead to the development of addictive patterns and how medicinal interventions should be aligned to address the internal psychological issues. The Christian perspective can be also investigated by biblical concepts of human nature and behavior through the lens of psychological models of addiction. Scriptures highlight the imperative of renewing the mind (Romans 12:2) And (brooding) in each thought we should capture Christ (2 Corinthians 10:5). This resonated with me acutely to emphasize cognitive restructuring and the alteration of distorted thought patterns in the treatment of addiction (Barker et al., 2020). Furthermore, the biblical concept of self-control (Galatians 5:(22-23) congruous behavioral models, which are based on the creation repertoires of coping mechanisms and the substitution of addictive behaviors by the adoption of alternative ones (Barker et al., 2020). These biblical principles pinpoint the need to attend to the psychological dimensions such as correcting harmful habitual practices that set the path towards spiritual and cognitive healing as required in psychological models in addiction counseling and treatment. Psychological models of addiction give us in-depth knowledge about the complex higher mental processes and behaviors that govern addiction, helping us to build a clear picture of the addictive processes. These models draw attention to the importance of the learning processes, conditioning and cognitive distortions, thus opening up a way to grasp how the addiction is developed and how it endures. Moreover, empirical data supports the effectiveness of psychological interventions which incorporate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in addressing addiction at its foundational core by reducing maladaptive thoughts and utilizing constructive behaviors. Combination of psychological principles with biblical truths as a result provides counselors an opportunity to incorporate psychosocial approaches to treatment of addiction that covers not only the spiritual dimensions but also the psychological and the behavioral facets, thus leads to more comprehensive and effective treatment outcomes (Zhou & Brown, 2015). It is integrated which means that it aims to help people confront and overcome addiction at the same time considering its multidimensional nature which in turn creates higher well-being and lasting recovery. Model 2: Biological Models Biological models of addiction go deep into the physical and genetic foundations of the structures that create addictive activities. There are theories which state that addiction is so tied up with the specific neurobiological processes that it involves neurotransmitters imbalance, genetic predisposition and changes in the brain structures activated in reward and the motivation. For example, the dopamine reward pathway becomes essential in transmitting reinforcement effects of addictive substances due to which addicts tend to crave for the drugs (Macraild & Taylor, 2017). These models, as they study these biological mechanisms, provide crucial explorations to the biological foundation of addiction, thereby opening doors for targeted interventions that help mitigate its impact on individuals' lives. Christian concept of addiction and biologically-oriented models of addiction can fit in Christian teachings through the provision of the biblical principle of body stewardship (1Corinthians 6:19-20). Recognizing the possibility of the role of genetic factors in addiction brings the attention of the people to the need of taking care of their health and seeking medical help when needed (Barker et al., 2020). Furthermore, genetic susceptibility to drug addiction coincides with the biblical principle of generational inheritance, implying that one needs to know their specific genetic predispositions, but at the same time do their best to become aware of one’s own responsibility. This perspective further enhances and drives a whole person recovery approach that emphasizes the physical aspect as well as spiritual components. Such a program is relevant to the biblical stewardship and accountability. Since the biological models represent an important asset, they offer possibilities to examine the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction and lay down the scientific principles of addictive behavior (Zhou & Brown, 2015). These models link genetic factors, brain chemistry, and neural pathways to addiction and may serve as a basis for personalized treatments aimed at individual biologically vulnerable clients. The effectiveness of pharmacological interventions, such as medication for opioid use and nicotine replacement therapy, has been confirmed by research being applicable to the biological aspects of addiction (Macraild & Taylor, 2017). Counselors can integrate biological perspectives with biblical concepts to put up a holistic approach to address addiction, by addressing both the physical and the spiritual aspect of recovery. Model 3: Family Models Family models of addiction allows us to see that family dynamics, relationships and environment play a key role in the onset as well as in the perpetuation of addictive behaviors. These models dig deep into such components as family and communication interplay and parenting styles that lead to addiction susceptibility (Macraild & Taylor, 2017). Typical family dysfunction resulting in bickering or verbal abuse, disregard or substance abuse add to the possibility of addiction within a family. In Christian perspective, narrative models of addiction illustrate vividly how biblically the family bonds, communication, and support systems are emphasized, as indicated in the famous book of Ephesians (6:1-4). Within Scriptures, the role of parents in bringing up, care, and loving direction of their children is emphasized to the highest level possible (Barker et al., 2020). Scriptures as well highlight the role of love, forgiveness, and reconciliation within familial relationships within the family. Furthermore, biblical references to generational blessings and curses (Exodus 20:5-6) highlight the intergenerational transmission of behavior which means that families involved with addiction need to do the right and the healthy things in their lives for the wellbeing of their seedlings (Barker et al., 2020). This viewpoint emphasizes the need to look into family issues in order to be able to create a loving and nurturing environment that can help with the fight against addiction. Family models depict the intrapersonal dynamics and the environmental impact that add to risk factors that result in addiction, thus showing the importance of family-based interventions as part of the treatment. These models accentuate the significance of the family problems solving, improving communication key points and developing a supportive system as the main points of treatment (Zhou & Brown, 2015). Research has showed that methods like MDFT and family therapy are effective in targeting the family-related factors, and improving the treatment outcomes for individuals with addiction. Through family systems theory, biblical principles, and collaborative partnership families are guided both with counselors and their families to apply holistic means to recovery from addictions and heal the broken relationships. Moral Model Moral models of addiction are unlikely to be effective in the contemporary world as they see substance abuse and addictive behaviors through moral prisms attributing them to personal choice, willful misconduct, and moral weakness (Zhou & Brown, 2015). These models stress to the individuals that they should take responsibility for their choices, be of sound moral virtues and receive the consequences of their actions. This paradigm portrays addiction as arising from poor right judgment, a weak will, or the violation of the acceptable norms and values of substance abuse in the society. The stance of biblical sin and moral agency finds its strongest connection in the morality of the dependency. Scriptures such as Galatians 6:2Chronicles:7-8 and Proverbs: 25:28 elaborate the fact that people are in control of their actions and need to exercise self-control and sensitivity (Barker et al., 2020). From this we can conclude that individuals have abilities to choose what they want, and these can either lead to destruction or an eternal life, depending on their decisions. Recognizing human frailty and temptation, the Bible put this into a sign of a need of self-control and making choices that comply with God’s will, which align with the ethical models of addiction. The moral models call addiction into question giving an explanation of what is wrong with the addict saying that it is their choice and their moral decision making. These learning models imply the role of moral education, the growth of character and the development of the ethical decision-making skills in addiction prevention and control (Zhou & Brown, 2015). But, would be difficult to overlook the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors affecting the addictive behaviors which account for stigmatization and blaming of addicts. For this reason, a system that acknowledges all the aspects and viewpoints is vital to generate effective interventions and supports networks for drug addicts. References Barker, K. L., Strauss, M. L., Brown, J. K., Blomberg, C. L., & Williams, M. (Eds.). (2020).  NIV study bible. Zondervan. Macraild, D., & Taylor, A. (2017).  Social theory and social history. Bloomsbury Publishing. Zhou, M., & Brown, D. (2015). Educational learning theories.